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Thought that the battle over Common Core was only being fought by public school parents? Think again. Thousands of Catholic schools across the country – including the one Pope Francis visited this week – have adopted the controversial math and English standards, to the consternation of some Catholics.

The pontiff’s visit to Our Lady Queen of Angels in East Harlem* comes at a time of infighting among Catholics over the Common Core, which has also been adopted by 44 states and the District of Columbia. A small but diligent group has argued that the Common Core is simply incompatible with a good Catholic education, while over 100 archdioceses and dioceses – from New York to San Francisco – disagree and have approved of the standards being used in the schools they oversee.

Related: As pope visits, Catholic schools hope for a K-12 renaissance

Catholic school curriculum standards
Pope Francis greets school children as he departs the Apostolic Nunciature, the Vatican’s diplomatic mission in the heart of Washington, en route Andrews Air Force Base, Thursday, Sept. 24, 2015. Credit: AP Photo/Cliff Owen

Much like opponents of the standards’ use in public schools, detractors argue that the Common Core are untested standards that were crafted by a group of so-called experts who don’t know what’s best for their kids.

“The key standard for Catholic schools ought to be providing a very good Catholic education that teaches and forms young people in the faith,” said Patrick Reilly, president of the Cardinal Newman Society, a non-profit with the mission of “promoting and defending faithful Catholic education,” on an episode of “The World Over” with host Raymond Arroyo. “We have to focus on building on the strength of our schools, which is Catholic identity [and] a classical style of education.”

Over 130 Catholic scholars agree with Reilly and earlier this year they signed off on a letter sent to every Catholic bishop in the country.

Related: Think you know a lot about Common Core? A new poll finds you’re probably wrong

The letter – penned by Notre Dame Law Professor Gerard Bradley – doesn’t mince words: “Common Core shortchanges the central goals of all sound education and surely those of Catholic education.”

On the other side is the National Catholic Educational Association – which has received over $100,000 from the pro-Common Core Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (The Gates Foundation is among The Hechinger Report’s many supporters) – arguing that just like public schools, Catholic schools would benefit from a common set of high standards like the Common Core.

Supporters say many students from Catholic elementary schools end up in public high schools so teaching to the Common Core better prepares students for success in high school.

Related: Challenged by charters, private and parochial school enrollments fall

Some Catholic schools also voluntarily administer end-of-year state tests aligned to the Common Core – leading critics to worry that pressure to get math and English scores up will relegate religion class to the sidelines. But after years of losing students to public and charter schools, many Catholic schools feel more pressure than ever to prove that the tuition bills are worth it. During the week of the Pope’s visit, the Archdiocese of New York touted that its schools were outperforming public schools on state tests.

Some anti-Common Core Catholics will be disappointed by Francis’s visit to a school that not only has the Common Core standards, but also tests aligned to them. Many of them have argued that the Common Core is not in line with the Pope’s call to protect the “right of parents to decide the moral and religious education of their children.”

*Correction: This story has been updated to correct the name of the school the Pope is visiting.

This story was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Read more about Common Core.

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